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	<title>The Tax Forum &#187; Tax Blog</title>
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	<description>Tax Information</description>
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		<title>Ask TaxMama Issue 605 Happy Summer</title>
		<link>http://thetaxforum.org/4874/ask-taxmama-issue-605-happy-summer.htm</link>
		<comments>http://thetaxforum.org/4874/ask-taxmama-issue-605-happy-summer.htm#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 24 Jun 2011 16:16:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Tax Blog</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Questions & Answers]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://thetaxforum.org/4874/ask-taxmama-issue-605-happy-summer.htm</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Dear Family, This week is officially the beginning of summer! Don&#8217;t you love this time of year? Our legislators leave the Capitol and run home to their constituents to see what we want them to do. They pass fewer tax laws to distract and confuse us. Considering there were over 500 changes to the U.S. [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><img class="alignleft" style="margin: 10px;border-width: 0px" src="http://taxmama.com/AskTaxMama/314/314_header.gif" alt="" />Dear Family, </p>
<p> This week is officially the beginning of summer! Don&#8217;t you love this time of year?</p>
<p>Our legislators leave the Capitol and run home to their constituents to see what we want them to do. They pass fewer tax laws to distract and confuse us. Considering there were over 500 changes to the U.S. Tax Code last year&#8230;we certainly could use a break. </p>
<p>Teaching about casualty losses last night, I flat out couldn&#8217;t remember if folks in disaster areas still had to reduce their personal losses by 10% or not. Even though the most current publication I looked at included the 10% reduction,  I wasn&#8217;t sure if the publication was correct. Some years, that was waived (Katrina); now, I guess that 10% reduction is back.</p>
<p>Oh, didn&#8217;t you know that many of the 2010 IRS publications you&#8217;re using are all wrong? Yup. They were published before Congress passed the last-minute extender bills. Yes indeedy.  That means I usually have to check two or three sources to be certain I am teaching the most current information. </p>
<p>Please, someone, please, simplify, simplify, simplify! </p>
<p>In today&#8217;s <strong>Money Funnies &amp; Inspiration</strong>, we learn how the Internet and this whole <a href="http://taxmama.com/asktaxmama/this-is/">brave new world got started</a>. </p>
<p>In IRS News, we get <a href="http://taxmama.com/asktaxmama/irs-increases-mileage-rates-2011/">new mileage rates</a> for the second half of 2011. And we are treated to a special article by W. Murray Bradford, CPA, about writing <a href="http://taxmama.com/asktaxmama/tax-deductions-for-scuba-diving/">off your scuba diving</a>. May you? </p>
<p><strong>A Week of TaxMama&#8217;s TaxQuips </strong></p>
<p>We start the week with Tiffany who owns a home with her boyfriend. And <a href="http://taxmama.com/tax-quips/who-gets-mortgage-interest/">H&amp;R Block won&#8217;t let them split the depreciation any way they choose</a>? Is H&amp;R Block correct? Scott wants to know how bonus depreciation works. TaxMama starts out just fine &#8211; but rethinks herself &#8211; <a href="http://taxmama.com/tax-quips/bonus-depreciation/">then posts mistaken information</a>. Mike Reed and DA catch the error!  Nancy is getting married, but wants to file separately from her new husband. What should she be <a href="http://taxmama.com/tax-quips/bride-files-alone/">considering when thinking of MFS? </a> We end the week with Barb who has a client wanting to <a href="http://taxmama.com/tax-quips/he-bought-the-farm/">sell his farm to his son for $1</a>. Just how exactly do you report a sale like that?</p>
<p>Lower taxes, achieved ethically = higher profits and increased joy</p>
<p><strong>Small Business Taxes Made Easy</strong></p>
<p>The new, <a href="http://www.independentpublisher.com/article.php?page=1428&amp;urltitle=Announcing%20Results%20of%20the%204th%20Annual%20Axiom%20Business%20Book%20Awards" target="_blank">award-winning</a> <a href="http://taxmama.com/small-business-taxes-made-easy/" target="_blank">Small Business Taxes Made Easy</a> is getting lots of attention.  Andrew collected some of the <a href="http://taxmama.com/tax-quips/reviews-awards-for-small-business-taxes-made-easy/">reviews and awards</a> generated by this book.</p>
<p>            Sandra just read the book and said:</p>
<p>I am amazed at how simple, straightforward and easy to understand it is. I wish I had known about your book when I had my [tax] practice. I know it will help a great deal when I start teaching small business seminars for the IRS.</p>
<p><strong>This week&#8217;s question for you &#8211; Do you have employees without realizing it?</strong></p>
<p>Read Chapter 9 of <a href="http://taxmama.com/small-business-taxes-made-easy/" target="_blank">Small Business Taxes Made Easy</a> for more details.</p>
<p><strong>TaxMama&#8217;s EA Exam Review Class</strong></p>
<p><strong> </strong></p>
<p>Do you want to know more about the IRS Special Enrollment Examination? Please replay <a href="http://taxmama.com/asktaxmama/everything-you-wanted-to-know-about-the-irs-ea-exam/">Everything you Ever Wanted to Know about the EA Exam</a>.<strong> </strong></p>
<p><strong>Last night, TaxMama&#8217;s students learned all about installment sales and barter. </strong></p>
<p><strong> </strong>Tomorrow, we&#8217;re going to learn more secrets about how to pass Part 1 of the EA Exam. TaxMama teaches the secret to answering questions, when you simply don&#8217;t have a clue!</p>
<p>There is still time to sign up for <a href="http://irsexams.com/registration/">TaxMama&#8217;s EA Exam Review Course</a>. <strong> </strong></p>
<p>There is a <a href="http://taxmama.com/membership/family-membership/">Family Member</a> discount of 10%.</p>
<p><strong>IRS Practice Series Continues</strong></p>
<p>The next session is about  <a href="http://www.cpelink.com/product/detail.php?p=2649" target="_blank"><strong>Practice Series: Representing Your Client at a 1040 Audit &#8211; Office or Field</strong></a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.cpelink.com/product/detail.php?p=2650" target="_blank"><strong>IRS Practice Series: Curing the Addicted Tax Delinquent &#8211; A 12-step program </strong></a><strong> </strong><a href="http://product/detail.php?p=2306" target="_blank"><br />
</a></p>
<p>Remember to <strong><em>sign up</em></strong> for the whole <a href="http://www.cpelink.com/teamtaxmama/">IRS Practice Series</a>. The 5 classes this summer will run from May through July. There&#8217;s a discount if you sign up for the whole series at once.</p>
<p><em>Incidentally, if there is anything else you&#8217;d like to learn more about, please let me know. We&#8217;ll develop the classes for you.</em></p>
<h1>TaxMama Interviews</h1>
<p>
Adrienne Mitchell &#8211; MarketWatch radio<br />
<a href="http://www.marketwatch.com/story/nasty-tax-surprise-awaits-many-401-k-borrowers-2011-05-26">Nasty Surprise Awaits 401k Borrowers</a></p>
<p>Paul Petillo, in the Business Insider<br />
Your Retirement Lifetime: Longevity and Investing<br />
<a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/your-retirement-lifetime-longevity-and-investing-2011-6">http://www.businessinsider.com/your-retirement-lifetime-longevity-and-investing-2011-6</a></p>
<p>Radio with Jim Blasingame, the Small Business Advocate</p>
<ul></p>
<li><a href="http://www.smallbusinessadvocate.com/small-business-interviews/eva-rosenberg-10395">How is an enrolled agent different from a CPA?</a> What is the roll of an enrolled agent? Eva Rosenberg joins Jim Blasingame to define &#8220;enrolled agent&#8221; and reveal how they serve clients with tax and financial services.</li>
<p></p>
<li><a href="http://www.smallbusinessadvocate.com/small-business-interviews/eva-rosenberg-10396">The career of an enrolled agent (EA)</a> How can you make a career of being an enrolled agent? Eva Rosenberg joins Jim Blasingame to discuss how to become a professional enrolled agent (EA), what an EA does for his or her clients, plus the earnings potential of an EA.</li>
<p></p>
<li><a href="http://www.smallbusinessadvocate.com/small-business-interviews/eva-rosenberg-10397">Two tax deductions to not overlook</a> What are some tax deductions and credits you can still get? Eva Rosenberg joins Jim Blasingame to report on the health care tax credit and the SEP IRA that you can still fund and deduct through the extension period.</li>
<p>
</ul>
<p>
<strong>TaxMama Writing:</strong></p>
<p>AccountingWeb.com blog &#8211; June is Strut Your Stuff Month<br />
<a href="http://www.accountingweb.com/blogs/taxmama/talk-taxmama/june-strut-your-stuff-month">http://www.accountingweb.com/blogs/taxmama/talk-taxmama/june-strut-your-stuff-month</p>
<p></a>This week&#8217;s Equifax article is  &#8211; <a href="http://tax.equifax.com/2011/06/writing-off-family-vacation.html">  <span>How to Avoid Getting Taxed for Phantom Income and Debt Forgiveness</span></a></p>
<p>This week&#8217;s Suze Orman article will be about Natural Victims &#8211; Seniors are Targets of Scam Artists<br />
<a href="http://www.moneymindedmoms.com/articles/">http://www.moneymindedmoms.com/articles/</p>
<p></a>You can find daily TaxQuips into YouTube videos<br />
<a href="http://www.youtube.com/taxmama1#p/u">http://www.youtube.com/taxmama1#p/u</a></p>
<p><strong>As always, we love your feedback, opinions and ideas. </strong></p>
<p><strong>You are what makes all this fun &#8211; and interesting!</strong></p>
<p>Please use the Comments link online.</p>
<p><a href="http://taxmama.com/asktaxmama/ask-taxmama-issue-605">http://taxmama.com/asktaxmama/ask-taxmama-issue-605</a>                </p>
<p>TaxNerd gear makes a bold statement year-round.</p>
<p>It helps attract the opposite sex!</p>
<p>Shop at <a href="http://www.taxnerd.net/">www.taxnerd.net</a>  or <a href="http://www.zazzle.com/taxmama*">http://www.zazzle.com/taxmama*</a> </p>
<p>Hugs from your favorite TaxNerd,</p>
<p><a href="http://www.zazzle.com/taxmama*">http://www.zazzle.com/taxmama*</a></p>
<p>Eva Rosenberg, EA</p>
<p>Your TaxMama&#174;</p>
<p><a href="http://www.taxmama.com/">www.TaxMama.com</a></p>
<p>Your TaxMama&#174;  is watching&#8230;out for you.</p>
<p><a href="http://www.taxmama.com/">www.TaxMama.com</a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.taxmama.com/TaxQuips">www.TaxMama.com/TaxQuips</a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.irsexams.com/">www.IRSExams.com</a> </p>
<p><a href="http://www.taxnerd.net/">www.TaxNerd.net</a></p>
<p>==========================<br />
&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;-</p>
<p>TAX CALENDAR</p>
<p>http://taxmama.com/tax-calendar-2011/<br />
&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;-      </p>
<p>06/30/2011 File Form TDF 90-22.1 &#8211; Report of Foreign Banks with $10,000 anytime during year</p>
<p>07/15/2011 Employers Make Monthly Payroll tax deposit on the 15th of each month</p>
<p>08/01/2011 2nd Quarter Payroll Taxes Due</p>
<p>08/01/2011 Deposit FUTA tax if more than $500 was paid through June 30th</p>
<p>08/01/2011 Employer&#8217;s Deposit Federal Unemployment (FUTA) </p>
<p>08/01/2011 Employers File Annual Return for Employee Benefits Plan 5500</p>
<p>08/01/2011 Employers File Annual Return for Employee Benefits Plan 5500-EZ</p>
<p>08/01/2011 Employers File request for Extension filing Employee Benefits Plan Return</p>
<p>08/01/2011 2nd Quarter Federal Excise Tax Return &amp; Payment Voucher</p>
<p>08/15/2011 Employers Make Monthly Payroll tax deposit on the 15th of each month</p>
<p>08/30/2011 Time for businesses to consider setting up retirement plans<br />
&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;-</p>
<p>From TaxMama&#174; to You!<br />
&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;-</p>
<p>Follow TaxMama&#174;&#8217;s Tweets &#8211; <a href="http://twitter.com/TaxMama">http://twitter.com/TaxMama</a>  </p>
<p>You are invited to put a TaxQuips Widget on your phone, social networking page, website, or&#8230; You&#8217;ll get the TaxQuips as soon as they published &#8211; long before they are distributed in by e-mail. It&#8217;s a nifty gadget. Just pick up the code and paste into your site or application.</p>
<p><a href="http://www.widgetbox.com/widget/taxmamas-taxquips-daily-tax-podcasts">http://www.widgetbox.com/widget/taxmamas-taxquips-daily-tax-podcasts</a></p>
<p>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;-</p>
<p>SPECIAL DEALS<br />
&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;-</p>
<p>=&gt; Do it Yourself Legal Material</p>
<p>NOLO answers the question &#8211;</p>
<p><a href="http://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/debt-marriage-owe-spouse-debts-29572.html?img=17&amp;kbid=1453">What can I do if my spouse gets into debt &#8211; do I owe his/her debts?</a></p>
<p>(disclosure &#8211; TaxMama receives a commission)</p>
<p>=&gt; Need a Corp, LLC, Registered Agent</p>
<p>Incorp Services Inc. in Nevada &#8211; DISCOUNT</p>
<p>20% off on formation services.</p>
<p>Similar discounts on Registered Agent services.</p>
<p>Call 800.2.INCORP &#8211; use coupon code &#8211; TAXMAMA</p>
<p><a href="http://vurl.bz/taxmama/Incorp">http://vurl.bz/taxmama/Incorp</a>  &#8211; no coupon needed<br />
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<p>EA EXAM NEWS &amp; SOLVING THE TAX PUZZLE<br />
&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;-</p>
<p>Take TaxMama&#174;&#8217;s 2011 EA Exam Review Class</p>
<p><a href="http://irsexams.com/">http://irsexams.com/</a>  </p>
<p>New class starts on May 17th</p>
<p> &#8211; sign up now &#8211; and join the FUN!</p>
<p><a href="http://irsexams.com/registration/">http://irsexams.com/registration/</a></p>
<p>A flood of Tax Professionals are interested in taking</p>
<p>the EA Exam. We still have a few handy dandy totes</p>
<p>to hold all your books, notes and discs.</p>
<p><a href="http://irsexams.com/registration/">http://irsexams.com/registration/</a></p>
<p>Replay the session &#8211; <br />
<a href="http://irsexams.com/board/uploads/recordings/2011-eaexam-everything">Everything You Wanted to Know About the EA Exam</a></p>
<p>=== CPA Exam Review</p>
<p>Looking for a great course?</p>
<p>You can&#8217;t do any better than this!</p>
<p>Phil Yaeger&#8217;s CPA Exam Review Course</p>
<p><a href="http://www.yaegercpareview.com/">http://www.yaegercpareview.com/</a> </p>
</p>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="http://www.taxmama.com/AskTaxMama" title="Where taxes are fun and answers are free">Ask TaxMama</a> :: Where taxes are fun and answers are free</a>
    </li>
<li>
<a href="http://taxmama.com/tax-quips/" title="The number ONE free tax podcast online">TaxQuips</a> :: The number ONE free tax podcast online</a>
    </li>
</ul>
<p><a href="http://taxquips.com/podcast.php">Go to Source</a></p>
]]></content:encoded>
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		<title>Tax Deductions for Scuba Diving</title>
		<link>http://thetaxforum.org/4873/tax-deductions-for-scuba-diving.htm</link>
		<comments>http://thetaxforum.org/4873/tax-deductions-for-scuba-diving.htm#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 24 Jun 2011 14:58:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Tax Blog</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Questions & Answers]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://thetaxforum.org/4873/tax-deductions-for-scuba-diving.htm</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Article reprinted with the permission of W. Murray Bradford, CPA QUESTION: I sell property and casualty insurance in Florida. I also like to scuba dive. I would like your opinion on whether or not the following is deductible. I spent five hours with a prospect. First we went on a dive, then we spent two [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><span> <img src="https://images.magnetmail.net/images/template/BRADFORDCO/Bradford_TaxH.jpg" alt="" /></span></p>
<p><span>Article reprinted with the permission of W. Murray Bradford, CPA</span></p>
<p><strong><span><span><a title="guys diving " href="http://flickr.com/photos/58434373@N00/3252329435" target="_blank"><img class="alignleft" style="margin: 10px;border-width: 0px" src="http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3434/3252329435_fb47115de6_m.jpg" alt="" /></a></span></span></strong></p>
<p><strong><span> </span></strong></p>
<p><strong><span>QUESTION:</span></strong>  I sell property and casualty insurance in Florida. I also like to scuba dive. I would like your opinion on whether or not the following is deductible. I  spent five hours with a prospect. First we went on a dive, then we spent two hours at dinner, where I asked the prospect to buy his car insurance and homeowners insurance from me. May I deduct the cost of the dive and the dinner? (S.D., Vero Beach, FL)</p>
<p>&lt;!-<del>more</del>-&gt;</p>
<p><strong><span>ANSWER :</span> </strong> Yes. Both are deductible.</p>
<p>The dinner is deductible as <em>directly related entertainment</em>&#8212;this is a technical term in tax law for business entertainment that qualifies for the entertainment deduction because you had the business discussion in a business setting (the restaurant). The scuba diving is deductible as <em>associated entertainment</em>&#8212;entertainment that is associated with a business discussion qualifies as deductible entertainment.</p>
<p>You did not mention who paid for what. If you paid for both yourself and your prospect, you deduct for both. If you paid only for yourself, you deduct that amount. Either way, you qualify for the deduction.</p>
<p><strong><span>REPLY:</span>  That&#8217;s great!</strong></p>
<p><strong><span>QUESTION:</span> If our spouses were to scuba dive, how would that change the deductions? (S.D., Vero Beach, FL)</strong></p>
<p><span><strong>ANSWER : </strong></span>You could deduct the cost of having the spouses scuba dive under the <em>closely connected </em>rule that allows deductions for the costs of entertaining spouses even when the spouses are not involved in the business discussions.</p>
<p>Sincerely,<br />
<img src="https://images.magnetmail.net/images/clients/BRADFORDCO/signaturembradford.gif" border="0" alt="" /><br />
W. Murray Bradford, CPA<br />
Publisher<br />
<em>Tax Reduction Letter</em><br />
<a href="http://www.mmsend6.com/link.cfm?r=588392621&amp;sid=14110942&amp;m=1404204&amp;u=BRADFORDCO&amp;j=0&amp;s=http://www.bradfordtaxinstitute.com/Email">www.bradfordtaxinstitute.com</a></p>
<p>P.S. <strong>Subscribers</strong> to <em>Tax Reduction Letter</em> have access to tax planning tips every day at the Bradford Tax Institute&#8217;s archives. <strong>Not yet a subscriber?</strong> Find out more. Take a no-obligation 7-day FREE trial so that you can sample the helpful tips in the last two issues of <em>Tax Reduction Letter</em>. This trial is absolutely free with no obligations and no strings attached. That&#8217;s a personal promise. <a href="http://www.mmsend6.com/link.cfm?r=588392621&amp;sid=14110943&amp;m=1404204&amp;u=BRADFORDCO&amp;j=0&amp;s=http://bradfordtaxinstitute.com/EMS_Offers/EMS_SubOffer.aspx?type=trial">CLICK HERE</a>.</p>
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<ul>
<li>
<a href="http://www.taxmama.com/AskTaxMama" title="Where taxes are fun and answers are free">Ask TaxMama</a> :: Where taxes are fun and answers are free</a>
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<a href="http://taxmama.com/tax-quips/" title="The number ONE free tax podcast online">TaxQuips</a> :: The number ONE free tax podcast online</a>
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<li>
<a href="http://taxmama.com/category/asktaxmama/irs-news/" title="When you can ask questions, too">IRS News</a> :: When you can ask questions, too</a>
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<li>
<a href="http://taxmama.com/asktaxmama/tax-deductions-for-scuba-diving/" title="Where you can add your comments, too">IRS News</a> :: Where you can add your comments, too</a>
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<a href="http://www.bradfordtaxinstitute.com" title="For more interesting tax guidance">Bradford Institute</a> :: For more interesting tax guidance</a>
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<p><a href="http://taxquips.com/podcast.php">Go to Source</a></p>
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		<title>IRS Increases 2011 Mileage Rates</title>
		<link>http://thetaxforum.org/4875/irs-increases-2011-mileage-rates-2.htm</link>
		<comments>http://thetaxforum.org/4875/irs-increases-2011-mileage-rates-2.htm#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 24 Jun 2011 14:09:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Tax Blog</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[News]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Courtesy of IRS http://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-drop/a-11-40.pdf The following standard mileage rates will apply: January 1 &#8211; June 30: 51 cents per mile for business miles driven July 1 &#8211; December 31: 55.5 cents per mile for business miles driven January 1 &#8211; June 30: 19 cents per mile driven for medical or moving purposes July 1 &#8211; [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Courtesy of IRS <a href="http://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-drop/a-11-40.pdf">http://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-drop/a-11-40.pdf</a></p>
<p><img class="alignleft" style="margin: 12px;border-width: 0px" src="http://farm1.static.flickr.com/43/98690837_3fe8220454_t.jpg" alt="" />The following standard mileage rates will apply:</p>
<ul></p>
<li>January 1 &#8211; June 30:  51 cents per mile for business miles driven
<ul></p>
<li>July 1 &#8211; December 31:  <strong><span>55.5 cents</span></strong> per mile for business miles driven</li>
<p>
</ul>
<p>
</li>
<p></p>
<li>January 1 &#8211; June 30: 19 cents per mile driven for medical or moving purposes
<ul></p>
<li> July 1 &#8211; December 31: <span> <strong><span>23.5  cents </span></strong></span>per mile driven for medical or moving purposes</li>
<p>
</ul>
<p>
</li>
<p></p>
<li>January 1 &#8211; December 31: 14 cents per mile driven in service of charitable organizations.
<ul></p>
<li>This can only be changed by an Act of Congress. So it rarely changes </li>
<p>
</ul>
<p>
</li>
<p>
</ul>
<p>
These rates apply to the use of cars, vans, pickups, or panel trucks.</p>
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		<title>IRS Increases 2011 Mileage Rates</title>
		<link>http://thetaxforum.org/4872/irs-increases-2011-mileage-rates.htm</link>
		<comments>http://thetaxforum.org/4872/irs-increases-2011-mileage-rates.htm#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 24 Jun 2011 14:09:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Tax Blog</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Questions & Answers]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://thetaxforum.org/4872/irs-increases-2011-mileage-rates.htm</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Courtesy of IRS http://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-drop/a-11-40.pdf The following standard mileage rates will apply: January 1 &#8211; June 30: 51 cents per mile for business miles driven July 1 &#8211; December 31: 55.5 cents per mile for business miles driven January 1 &#8211; June 30: 19 cents per mile driven for medical or moving purposes July 1 &#8211; [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Courtesy of IRS <a href="http://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-drop/a-11-40.pdf">http://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-drop/a-11-40.pdf</a></p>
<p><img class="alignleft" style="margin: 12px;border-width: 0px" src="http://farm1.static.flickr.com/43/98690837_3fe8220454_t.jpg" alt="" />The following standard mileage rates will apply:</p>
<ul></p>
<li>January 1 &#8211; June 30:  51 cents per mile for business miles driven
<ul></p>
<li>July 1 &#8211; December 31:  <strong><span>55.5 cents</span></strong> per mile for business miles driven</li>
<p>
</ul>
<p>
</li>
<p></p>
<li>January 1 &#8211; June 30: 19 cents per mile driven for medical or moving purposes
<ul></p>
<li> July 1 &#8211; December 31: <span> <strong><span>23.5  cents </span></strong></span>per mile driven for medical or moving purposes</li>
<p>
</ul>
<p>
</li>
<p></p>
<li>January 1 &#8211; December 31: 14 cents per mile driven in service of charitable organizations.
<ul></p>
<li>This can only be changed by an Act of Congress. So it rarely changes </li>
<p>
</ul>
<p>
</li>
<p>
</ul>
<p>
These rates apply to the use of cars, vans, pickups, or panel trucks.</p>
<ul>
<li>
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    </li>
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<a href="http://taxmama.com/asktaxmama/irs-increases-mileage-rates-2011" title="Where you can add your comments, too">IRS News</a> :: Where you can add your comments, too</a>
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		<title>So…Who Should Pay Income Taxes?</title>
		<link>http://thetaxforum.org/4867/so%e2%80%a6who-should-pay-income-taxes.htm</link>
		<comments>http://thetaxforum.org/4867/so%e2%80%a6who-should-pay-income-taxes.htm#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 24 Jun 2011 13:00:50 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Tax Blog</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[News]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://thetaxforum.org/4867/so%e2%80%a6who-should-pay-income-taxes.htm</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[David Walker, a former Government Accountability Office head, thinks it’s a problem that half of Americans don’t pay federal income taxes. At the June 22 IRS-Tax Policy Center Research Conference, he argued that more people ought to have “skin in the game” when it comes to paying these taxes so they will be invested in [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="http://www.tcaii.org/Default.aspx">David Walker</a>, a former Government Accountability Office head, thinks it’s a problem that half of Americans don’t pay federal income taxes. At the June 22 <a href="http://www.taxpolicycenter.org/events/tpcirsjune222011.cfm">IRS-Tax Policy Center Research Conference</a>, he argued that more people ought to have “skin in the game” when it comes to paying these taxes so they will be invested in our country’s future.  I happen to think almost all of those people he’s talking about do have skin in the game—more than he or I, in fact.</p>
<p>For starters, most people do pay taxes. As Walker recognizes, they pay payroll taxes, excise taxes, sales taxes, state income taxes–and more. Tax reform could easily involve some of these levies, so even people who don’t pay federal income taxes today could be affected by reform.  And please don’t forget, while today’s credits and deductions do knock many low-income people off the tax rolls, those in the top brackets reap far greater benefits.</p>
<p>Also, as <a href="http://taxpolicycenter.org/UploadedPDF/1001359_harmless_income.pdf">noted by my colleague</a> Eric Toder, people don’t pay income taxes either because they have no taxable income (almost all of the elderly who don’t pay income tax, for instance), or because they qualify for credits that offset their tax liability. For the people in the second group, increases in tax rates could very well hit them in the wallet – either because they’ll owe net taxes or they’ll receive smaller refunds.</p>
<p>The Center on Budget and Policy Priorities recent <a href="http://www.cbpp.org/cms/index.cfm?fa=view&amp;id=3505#_ftn2">analysis</a> of those who don’t pay federal income taxes jibes with <a href="http://www.taxpolicycenter.org/UploadedPDF/412106_federal_income_tax.pdf">TPC</a>’s. The conclusion? Most are elderly, poor, or unemployed (including people who are too disabled to work). Whom, I wonder, should the tax man put on the block? And how much money is there to be gained by doing so?</p>
<p>The <a href="http://www.taxpolicycenter.org/briefing-book/key-elements/family/eitc.cfm">Earned Income Tax Credit</a> keeps many off the tax roles. But it’s not keeping wealthy people from paying income taxes. TPC estimates that in 2010, about <a href="http://www.taxpolicycenter.org/numbers/displayatab.cfm?DocID=2721&amp;topic2ID=60&amp;topic3ID=65&amp;DocTypeID=1">80 percent</a> of its benefits went to households with income under $30,000.</p>
<p>Furthermore, people tend to receive the EITC for <a href="http://pfr.sagepub.com/content/early/2011/04/06/1091142111401008.abstract">only a couple of years</a> at a time. It might move people off the tax role in some years, but not all years. So even many people who temporarily aren’t paying income tax, likely will in the near future.</p>
<p>If the EITC were run as a spending program rather than a tax subsidy, government could separate its revenue and spending functions. This might diffuse some complaints about people who pay “no taxes.” But that sort of thinking overlooks the real <a href="http://taxvox.taxpolicycenter.org/2010/04/19/why-we-run-subsidies-through-the-tax-system/">advantages to delivering work incentives through the tax system</a>.  It is administratively efficient, is more accessible to workers than traditional spending programs, and has increased work, especially among single parents. Why fix something that isn’t broken?</p>
<p>Of course, as a spending program it would be targeted for cost cutting while as a tax subsidy it has—so far—remained immune.</p>
<p>At a time when we have a serious budget problem, tax breaks should face the same serious review as spending. But tax breaks for low-income families should not be at the top of anybody’s target list. No matter what happens with tax reform, I know where my next meal is coming from. At least some of those who avoid federal income tax thanks to programs such as the EITC don’t. Adding to their income tax burden will not help.</p>
<div>
<a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/taxpolicycenter/blogfeed?a=Zn5ZX2lc-4o:t6l8lQXSRes:yIl2AUoC8zA"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/taxpolicycenter/blogfeed?d=yIl2AUoC8zA" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/taxpolicycenter/blogfeed?a=Zn5ZX2lc-4o:t6l8lQXSRes:qj6IDK7rITs"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/taxpolicycenter/blogfeed?d=qj6IDK7rITs" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/taxpolicycenter/blogfeed?a=Zn5ZX2lc-4o:t6l8lQXSRes:WeURFIJcaAU"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~ff/taxpolicycenter/blogfeed?i=Zn5ZX2lc-4o:t6l8lQXSRes:WeURFIJcaAU" border="0"></img></a>
</div>
<p><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/taxpolicycenter/blogfeed/~4/Zn5ZX2lc-4o" height="1" width="1" />
<p><a href="http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/taxpolicycenter/blogfeed/~3/Zn5ZX2lc-4o/" />Link to the original site</a></p>
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		<title>This is How it All Began, Really</title>
		<link>http://thetaxforum.org/4871/this-is-how-it-all-began-really.htm</link>
		<comments>http://thetaxforum.org/4871/this-is-how-it-all-began-really.htm#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 24 Jun 2011 12:56:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Tax Blog</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Questions & Answers]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[In ancient Israel , it came to pass that a trader by the name of Abraham Com did take unto himself a young wife by the name of Dot. And Dot Com was a comely woman, broad of shoulder and long of leg. Indeed, she was often called Amazon Dot Com. And she said unto [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a title="Amazon dot com and her drums" href="http://flickr.com/photos/77759596@N00/4938501509" target="_blank"><img class="alignleft" style="margin: 10px;border: 0px" src="http://farm5.static.flickr.com/4122/4938501509_0d38092166_t.jpg" alt="" /></a>In ancient Israel , it came to pass that a trader by the name of Abraham Com did take unto himself a young wife by the name of Dot.</p>
<p>And Dot Com was a comely woman, broad of shoulder and long of leg. Indeed, she was often called Amazon Dot Com.</p>
<p>And she said unto Abraham, her husband: &#8220;Why dost thou travel so far from town to town with thy goods when thou can trade without ever leaving thy tent?&#8221;</p>
<p>And Abraham did look at her &#8211; as though she were several saddle bags short of a camel load, but simply said: &#8220;How, dear?&#8221;</p>
<p>And Dot replied: &#8220;I will place drums in all the towns and drums in between to send messages saying what you have for sale, and they will reply telling you who is most willing to pay you the best price.</p>
<p>And the sale can be made on the drums and delivery made by Uriah&#8217;s Pony Stable (UPS).&#8221;</p>
<p>Abraham thought long and decided he would let Dot have her way with the drums. And the drums rang out and were an immediate success. Abraham sold all the goods he had at the top price, without ever having to move from his tent.</p>
<p>To prevent neighbouring countries from overhearing what the drums were saying, Dot devised a system that only she and the drummers knew.</p>
<p>It was called Must Send Drum Over Sound (MSDOS), and she also developed a language to transmit ideas and pictures &#8211; Hebrew To The People (HTTP)</p>
<p>But this success did arouse envy. A man named Benny Madoff did secrete himself inside Abraham&#8217;s drum and began to siphon off some of Abraham&#8217;s business. But he was soon discovered, arrested and prosecuted &#8211; for insider trading.</p>
<p>And the young men did take to Dot Com&#8217;s trading as doth the greedy horsefly take to camel dung.</p>
<p>They were called Nomadic Ecclesiastical Rich Dominican Sybarites, or NERDS.</p>
<p>And lo, the land was so feverish with joy at the new riches and the deafening sound of drums that no one noticed that the real riches were going to that enterprising drum dealer, Shiek William of Gates, who bought off every drum maker in the land.</p>
<p>And indeed did insist on drums to be made that would work only with Sheik Gates&#8217; drumheads and drumsticks.</p>
<p>And Dot did say: &#8220;Oh, Abraham, what we have started is being taken over by others.&#8221;</p>
<p>And Abraham looked out over the Bay of Ezekiel, or eBay as it came to be known. He said: &#8220;We need a name that reflects what we are.&#8221;</p>
<p>And Dot replied: &#8220;Young Ambitious Hedonistic Owner Operators.&#8221; &#8220;YAHOO,&#8221; said Abraham. And because it was Dot&#8217;s idea, they named it YAHOO Dot Com.</p>
<p>Abraham&#8217;s cousin, Joshua, being the young Gumptious Enthusiastic Educated Kid (GEEK) that he was, soon started using Dot&#8217;s drums to locate things around the countryside.</p>
<p>It soon became known as Geek&#8217;s and Others&#8217; Official Guide to Locating Everything (GOOGLE).<br />
And that is how it all began.</p>
<p>
<div></p>
<div><img src="http://www.taxmama.com/art/streamer-trans.gif" alt="" /></div>
<p></p>
<div>
<p>Courtesy of  Andrew McCluskey of  <a href="http://simplyfriday.com/">http://simplyfriday.com/</a></p>
<p>Please remember to send us your humor and your inspiration.<br />
Clean jokes preferred.</p>
<p>Read more Money Funnies and Inspiration here:<br />
<a href="http://taxmama.com/asktaxmama/category/asktaxmama/money-funnies/" target="_blank">http://taxmama.com/category/asktaxmama/money-funnies/</a></p>
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		<title>Daily App Deals: Get Splashtop Remote Desktop for iPhone and Android for $1.99, Normally $9.99</title>
		<link>http://thetaxforum.org/4870/daily-app-deals-get-splashtop-remote-desktop-for-iphone-and-android-for-1-99-normally-9-99.htm</link>
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		<pubDate>Thu, 23 Jun 2011 21:30:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Tax Blog</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Tax Tips]]></category>

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										<!--  div style="background-color: #B3B3B3; width: 190px; padding: 1px;"&gt;<a title="Click here to read Daily App Deals: Get Splashtop Remote Desktop for iPhone and Android for $1.99, Normally $9.99" href="http://lifehacker.com/deals/"><span>#</span><span>deals</span></a>&lt;/div &#8211;></p>
<div><a title="Click here to read Daily App Deals: Get Splashtop Remote Desktop for iPhone and Android for $1.99, Normally $9.99" href="http://lifehacker.com/5814940/daily-app-deals-get-splashtop-remote-desktop-for-iphone-and-android-for-199-normally-999"><br />
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<p>				New to Lifehacker, Daily App Deals is a not-quite-quotidian compendium of noteworthy app price drops and discounts.				<a href="http://lifehacker.com/5814940/daily-app-deals-get-splashtop-remote-desktop-for-iphone-and-android-for-199-normally-999" title="Click here to read more about Daily App Deals: Get Splashtop Remote Desktop for iPhone and Android for $1.99, Normally $9.99">More&nbsp;&raquo;</a><br />
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		<title>Two Bad Tax Ideas for Creating Jobs</title>
		<link>http://thetaxforum.org/4866/two-bad-tax-ideas-for-creating-jobs.htm</link>
		<comments>http://thetaxforum.org/4866/two-bad-tax-ideas-for-creating-jobs.htm#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 23 Jun 2011 18:18:37 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Tax Blog</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[News]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[In Washington, bad ideas never go away. Now two old tax breaks have resurfaced with the ostensible goal of creating jobs, despite plenty of evidence that neither actually works. One would create a payroll tax break (aimed at employers instead of workers this time). The other would grant a temporary tax holiday to multinational corporations that [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>In Washington, bad ideas never go away. Now two old tax breaks have resurfaced with the ostensible goal of creating jobs, despite plenty of evidence that neither actually works. One would create a payroll tax break (aimed at employers instead of workers this time). The other would grant a temporary tax holiday to multinational corporations that bring foreign earnings back to the U.S.</p>
<p>Not only is there little evidence that either of these tax breaks would create jobs but they also fly in the face of all the recent rhetoric about the need to eliminate such preferences from the tax code. Politicians give a speech on Tuesday decrying special interest tax breaks. They give another on Wednesday promoting these subsidies as job creators.</p>
<p>This might be defensible if it were true. But it isn’t.</p>
<p>Let’s start with the tax break for bringing back foreign earnings, a practice known as repatriation. To understand what this is about, take a second to review some history. Multinationals such as Google are highly skilled at <a href="http://taxvox.taxpolicycenter.org/2010/10/28/would-trimming-the-u-s-corporate-tax-rate-matter/" target="_blank">reducing their U.S. tax bill </a>to near-zero, in part by shifting income to low-tax countries. However, when they return that money to the U.S. they owe tax here at the top rate of 35 percent. As a result, they keep those earnings overseas more or less indefinitely.</p>
<p>Back in 2004, Congress  granted a two-year tax holiday to firms that agreed to use repatriated profits to make investments and hire workers in the U.S. In 2005, U.S. firms repatriated about $300 billion—far more than in prior years. They saved billions of dollars in taxes. But a <a href="http://www.nber.org/papers/w15023.pdf" target="_blank">2009 study </a>found that they used every repatriated dollar to pay down debt or make distributions to shareholders, rather than create jobs.  </p>
<p>There is no reason to believe the outcome would be different this time. The firms that are best able to take advantage of the tax holiday are awash in cash at the moment. If they want to hire or invest, they already have plenty of resources to do so without the benefit of another tax break.</p>
<p>Such as scheme would create few jobs and reduce federal revenues by nearly $80 billion over a decade. Most importantly, it would send a terrible signal. Congress would be rewarding firms for successfully manipulating the tax code. The biggest winners in fact would be the very companies that did the best job shuffling profits overseas.   </p>
<p>In fact, yet another tax holiday would likely discourage future investment in the U.S. Multinationals would, perfectly reasonably, come to expect a repatriation tax break every couple of years. So instead of investing in the U.S., they’d increase their stash of foreign profits while they await the next holiday.</p>
<p>The payroll tax story is not so different. Last December, President Obama convinced Congress to include a one-year <a href="http:/taxvox.taxpolicycenter.org/2011/02/09/the-paradox-of-thrift-or-what-to-do-with-my-payroll-tax-cut/" target="_blank">payroll tax break</a> for workers as part of the deal that extended the 2001 and 2003 tax cuts. Now, Democrats would like to continue it for another year. But with Republicans unwilling to support an extension aimed at workers, Obama and Senate Democrats are <a href="http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-06-08/payroll-tax-break-said-to-be-discussed-by-obama-aides-amid-slowing-economy.html" target="_blank">peddling</a> a payroll tax cut for companies (most likely for hiring new workers). </p>
<p>This also promises to be a boondoggle.</p>
<p>We don’t know what the tax cut would be, but let’s say it would reduce the employer share by half, or about 3 percent. That comes out to an average tax cut of about $1,200 for each new employee. Would a company hire a new worker for, say, $38,800 instead of $40,000? Most wouldn&#8217;t.  At this point in the business cycle, firms hire when they need workers to fill orders, not to get a relatively small tax break.</p>
<p>Of course, companies operating at full capacity would be happy to take the tax cut. But for them, it would be little more than a windfall for doing what they were going to do anyway.</p>
<p>I understand that the unemployment rate is still 9 percent and, with an election looming, pols are desparate to do something to reduce it. But I wish they’d at least come up with some new bad ideas instead of recycling the same old ones.</p>
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		<title>He Bought the Farm</title>
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		<pubDate>Thu, 23 Jun 2011 12:31:00 +0000</pubDate>
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		<description><![CDATA[Today TaxMama hears from Barb in the TaxQuips Forum with a simple question. &#8220;The farmer is selling his farm, and everything on it, to his son for $1. The basis of the farm and the machinery is approx $100,000 and FMV approx $510,000. How do I file their Form 4797? &#60;!-more-&#62; Dear Barb That&#8217;s not [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a title="my Deere farm" href="http://flickr.com/photos/7578081@N07/2553979759" target="_blank"><img class="alignleft" style="margin: 10px;border: 0px" src="http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3135/2553979759_95f33070df_m.jpg" alt="" width="192" height="118" /></a></p>
<p>Today TaxMama hears from Barb in the TaxQuips Forum with a simple question.  &#8220;The farmer is <a href="http://taxmama.com/forum/taxquips/sale-of-business-for-less-than-fmv/">selling his farm,</a> and everything on it, to his son for $1.  The basis of the farm and the machinery is approx $100,000 and FMV approx $510,000. How do I file their Form 4797?</p>
<p>&lt;!-<del>more</del>-&gt;</p>
<p><a href="http://taxmama.com/forum/taxquips/ex-husband-forged-name-on-tax-refund-in-2005/"><img src="http://taxmama.com/art/nav/tmreplies.gif" alt="" /></a><a href="http://taxmama.com/forum/taxquips/2011-business-use-vehicle"></a></p>
<p>Dear Barb</p>
<p>That&#8217;s not a sale.  It&#8217;s a gift.</p>
<p>If this is what they want to do. Fine.</p>
<p>File a gift tax return for everything over $13,000.</p>
<p>Or if Mom is still with dad, over $26,000.</p>
<p>Or if son is married, Mom and Dad can give the gift to son and wife = $52,000.</p>
<p>With a $5 million lifetime gift tax exclusion for each &#8211; Mom and Dad, there&#8217;s lots of room to do some gifting.</p>
<p>Nothing they do, short of a legitimate FMV sale will change the basis anyway.</p>
<p>And remember, you can find answers to all kinds of questions about selling to related parties and other tax issues, free. Where? Where else? At <a href="http://www.taxmama.com/">www.TaxMama.com</a>.</p>
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		<title>Fifth Circuit Court Of Appeals Ruled That A 90-Day Letter Does Not Start If Mail Is Undeliverable</title>
		<link>http://thetaxforum.org/4868/fifth-circuit-court-of-appeals-ruled-that-a-90-day-letter-does-not-start-if-mail-is-undeliverable.htm</link>
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		<pubDate>Thu, 23 Jun 2011 11:51:18 +0000</pubDate>
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		<description><![CDATA[Pamela R. Terrell appealed the Tax Court’s order dismissing her petition for lack of jurisdiction. The Tax Court found it lacked jurisdiction because Terrell filed her petition more than ninety days after the Commissioner of Internal Revenue (“Commissioner”) sent her a Notice of Final Determination (“Notice”). Terrell argues that because the Commissioner did not send [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Pamela R. Terrell appealed the Tax Court’s order dismissing her petition for lack of jurisdiction. The Tax Court found it lacked jurisdiction because Terrell filed her petition more than ninety days after the Commissioner of Internal Revenue (“Commissioner”) sent her a Notice of Final Determination (“Notice”). Terrell argues that because the Commissioner did not send the Notice to her “last known address,” as required by I.R.C. § 6015(e), this Court should find her petition timely as it was filed within ninety days of the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) mailing the Notice to her correct address. </p>
<p>The IRS was on notice that its address on file for Terrell was incorrect, because the United States Postal Service (“USPS”) had already returned three of the IRS’s prior mailings to Terrell as undeliverable. The IRS thus had a duty to exercise reasonable diligence to search for her correct address, but failed to do so before sending the Notice. The Notice sent on April 6, 2007 was, therefore, not sent to her “last known address,” and became null and void when it was subsequently returned as undeliverable. Terrell’s ninety days began to run only after the IRS re-sent the Notice to her correct address on May 14, 2007. Because Terrell filed her petition with the Tax Court within ninety days of the May 14th Notice, her petition was timely. Accordingly, the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals REVERSES the ruling of the Tax Court and REMANDS it for a determination of the petition’s merits.</p>
<p>Terrell argues that the IRS did not mail the Notice to her “last known address,” because the IRS failed to conduct a “reasonably diligent” search for her address before mailing the Notice. She asserts that her ninety-day petition period did not begin until she received the re-sent Notice, making her petition timely and giving the Tax Court jurisdiction.  </p>
<p>The Court&#8217;s inquiry into these claims proceeds in two parts. First, the Court must determine whether the IRS failed to exercise “reasonable diligence” in locating Terrell’s correct address and thereby failed to send the Notice to her “last known address” as required by § 6015(e). Second, if the Court finds that the IRS failed to exercise “reasonable diligence” and the Notice was therefore not sent to her “last known address,” the Court must determine the date on which Terrell’s petition period started in order to assess whether the Tax Court had jurisdiction over her petition.</p>
<p><strong>A. Validity of the April 6, 2007 Notice</strong></p>
<p>An individual who requests Innocent Spouse Relief “may petition the Tax Court (and the Tax Court shall have jurisdiction) to determine the appropriate relief available . . . not later than the close of the 90th day after” the date the IRS “mails, by certified or registered mail to the taxpayer’s last known address, notice of the Secretary’s final determination of relief available to the individual.” I.R.C. § 6015(e)(1)(A). Although there is a dearth of cases interpreting § 6015, the Tax Court and the parties correctly cite to analogous cases from IRC §§ 6212 and 6213 concerning the IRS sending tax deficiency notices. 2 See Estate of Cowart v. Nicklos Drilling Co., 505 U.S. 469, 479 (1992) (“[I]dentical termswithin an Act bear the same meaning.”). In both § 6015 and § 6213, the Tax Court has no jurisdiction over a taxpayer’s petition if it is not filed before the deadline.</p>
<p>In order to have jurisdiction to hear a taxpayer’s petition, § 6015(e) requires that the taxpayer request review within ninety days of the IRS sending notice to the taxpayer’s “last known address.” I.R.C. § 6015(e)(1)(A). The Tax Court’s jurisdiction is a question of law that we review de novo. Ferguson v. Comm’r, 568 F.3d 498, 502 (5th Cir. 2009). However, whether the IRS properly sent notice to the taxpayer’s “last known address,” thereby starting the ninety day response period, is a question of fact that we review for clear error. Ward v. Comm’r, 907 F.2d 517, 521 (5th Cir. 1990). </p>
<p>“‘[L]ast known address’ is a term of art and refers to that address which, in light of all relevant circumstances, the IRS reasonably may consider to be the address of the taxpayer at the time the notice of deficiency is mailed.” Mulder v. Comm’r, 855 F.2d 208, 211 (5th Cir. 1988) (emphasis added) (citing Brown v. Comm’r, 78 T.C. 215, 218 (1982)). This Court has interpreted Mulder as standing for the rule that “absent a subsequent, clear and concise notification of an address change, the IRS is entitled to consider the address on the taxpayer’s most recently filed return as the taxpayer’s ‘last known address.’” Pomeroy v. United States, 864 F.2d 1191, 1194 (5th Cir. 1989) (citations omitted). This rule, however, does not dispense with the requirement that the IRS must use “reasonable diligence” to determine the taxpayer’s address in light of all relevant circumstances. When the IRS knows or should know at the time of mailing that the taxpayer’s address on file may no longer be valid because of previously returned letters, “reasonable diligence” requires further investigation. See Mulder, 855 F.2d at 212 (finding no “due diligence” where “two letters posted shortly before the notice . . . were returned undelivered” and the notice itself was neither delivered nor returned); see also Pomeroy, 864 F.2d at 1195 (“Given that the two returned letters put the IRS on notice that the taxpayer had changed his address, the IRS in Mulder should have done further investigation prior to sending the deficiency notice . . . .”); Ward, 907 F.2d at 522 (“[W]hen the IRS was aware before mailing the deficiency notice that the taxpayer had moved, the Internal Revenue Service was required to exercise greater diligence . . . .”); Follum v. Comm’r, 128 F.3d 118, 119–120 (2d Cir. 1997) (“The Commissioner has an obligation to exercise reasonable diligence to ascertain the taxpayer’s correct address if prior to mailing the deficiency notice she has become aware that the address last known to the agency may be incorrect.”).  </p>
<p>Here, the Tax Court clearly erred in finding that the IRS exercised reasonable diligence. The proper inquiry for reasonable diligence examines the facts the IRS knew or should have known at the time it sent the Notice. The Tax Court instead focused on the fact that after the IRS sent the Notice and it was returned as undeliverable, it then checked its database and found an updated address from Terrell’s recently filed tax return. But when the IRS sent the Notice on April 6, it should have already known that Terrell’s address on file was incorrect because three separate mailings had been returned as undeliverable.  Although the IRS had not received “clear and concise notification” that her address had changed, the IRS is not entitled to rely on a lack of notification once it is on notice that its address on file is incorrect. See Pomeroy, 864 F.2d at 1195.  </p>
<p>Because the IRS failed to take any steps to determine Terrell’s correct address after receiving the returned mail and before mailing the Notice, we are compelled to find it did not exercise reasonable diligence. The IRS could have done a computer search through the DMV, contacted Terrell&#8217;s employer, searched using Terrell’s social security number, or undertaken any number of actions that might have located the Dallas address. See Mulder, 855 F.2d at 212 (listing different actions taken in other cases that might constitute reasonable diligence). Because the IRS failed to exercise reasonable diligence, the IRS did not mail the Notice to Terrell’s “last known address.”</p>
<p><strong>B. Effective Start Date of the Petition Period</strong></p>
<p>Having determined that the Notice sent on April 6 was not sent to Terrell’s “last known address,” we must now determine the date on which Terrell’s ninety-day petition period began. The Commissioner urges this Court to adopt the “no prejudice” rule espoused by the First, Second, Third, Sixth, Ninth, and Eleventh Circuits. This rule holds that despite failing to mail the notice to the taxpayer’s “last known address,” the IRS satisfies the statutory notice requirement if the taxpayer actually receives the notice without delay prejudicial to her ability to petition the Tax Court. Under the “no prejudice” rule, the Commissioner asks us to apply the ninety days beginning from April 6, as Terrell still had ample time to respond after receiving the re-sent Notice. </p>
<p>Terrell urges this Court to adopt the position of the Fourth, Seventh, and D.C. Circuits. These courts have held that where the IRS fails to send the notice to the taxpayer’s “last known address,” but the taxpayer receives subsequent actual notice, the limitations period begins to run on the date the taxpayer receives actual notice. Under this rule, the ninety days would begin when Terrell received the Notice the IRS re-sent on May 14. </p>
<p>We decline, however, to weigh in on this circuit split. We hold that because the IRS not only failed to send the original Notice to Terrell’s “last known address,” but also had the Notice returned as undeliverable, the Notice as originally sent is null and void. As the Notice was returned undelivered to the IRS, we need not decide whether we would apply the “no prejudice” rule if the original Notice had actually reached Terrell. </p>
<p>Our decision is in line with the distinction adopted by the Ninth Circuit in Mulvania. In Mulvania, the IRS sent an erroneously addressed notice of deficiency to the taxpayer, which was eventually returned as “[n]ot deliverable as addressed.” Mulvania, 769 F.2d at 1377. While the mistake here was based on a typographical error, the notice was similarly not sent to the taxpayer’s “last known address.” Despite its adherence to the “no prejudice” rule, the Ninth Circuit distinguished situations where the original notice of deficiency is returned to the IRS as undeliverable. The Ninth Circuit held that this notice “became null and void when it was returned to the IRS.” Id. at 1379; see also Holof v. Comm’r, 872 F.2d 50, 56 (3d Cir. 1989) (citing agreement with the Mulvania “null and void” principle). The Mulvania court further distinguished this situation from one where “the notice was improperly addressed, but the postal authorities nonetheless delivered the letter to the taxpayer.” Mulvania, 769 F.2d at 1379.</p>
<p>This “null and void” principle does not conflict with the decisions of the other Circuits that have adopted the “no prejudice” rule. The cases the Commissioner cites from these Circuits all concern situations where, despite the IRS’s error, the original notice was actually delivered either to the taxpayer himself, the taxpayer’s Post Office box, or the taxpayer care of his accounting firm. See Sicari, 136 F.3d at 927 (USPS informed taxpayers of notice waiting at Post Office); Patmon &amp; Young Pro. Corp., 55 F.3d at 216 (notice sent to Post Office box returned as “refused” and “unclaimed”); Borgman, 888 F.2d at 917 (notice automatically forwarded to the taxpayer by USPS); Pugsley, 749 F.2d at 692 (notice automatically forwarded to the taxpayer by USPS); Delman, 384 F.2d at 930 (notice sent to the taxpayer care of his accounting firm and duplicate sent to his attorney by regular mail, who promptly informed the taxpayer). Here, unlike these cases and like the taxpayer in Mulvania, Terrell never received the original Notice sent by the IRS. Therefore, the “no prejudice” rule is not directly applicable to the facts at hand. We reach only our narrow holding today and leave for another day the question of whether this Court will adopt the “no prejudice” rule or instead the “actual notice” rule. </p>
<p>The Commissioner expresses concern that failing to adopt the “no prejudice” rule creates a difficulty in determining the effective date of the Notice because of practical problems in discerning the date when the taxpayer received the Notice. Our decision does not, however, implicate this concern. After the original Notice was returned as undeliverable, the IRS subsequently mailed a second Notice on May 14 to the correct address. As the May 14 mailing was legally effective, we use the mailing date of this Notice as the beginning of the ninety day petition period rather than the day Terrell received the Notice. Because Terrell properly filed her petition within ninety days after May 14, the Tax Court was not without jurisdiction to hear the petition. </p>
<p><strong>IV. CONCLUSION</strong></p>
<p>Given the IRS’s notice that Terrell’s address on file was no longer valid, it failed to exercise “reasonable diligence” in locating Terrell’s correct address before sending the original Notice. Therefore, the Notice was not sent to Terrell’s “last known address.” This, and the fact that the Notice was returned by USPS as undeliverable, rendered the original Notice null and void. The statutory petition period began only when the IRS re-sent the Notice to Terrell’s correct address on May 14, 2007. As Terrell filed her petition within ninety days of this date, the Tax Court erred in finding itself without jurisdiction to hear the merits of Terrell’s petition.</p>
<p><strong>REVERSED and REMANDED.</strong></p>
<p>The Court&#8217;s opinion was filed November 1, 2010 under case number 09-60822.</p>
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